Albert Ellis s Theory Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Albert Ellis Albert Ellis was one of the most influential psychotherapists in the establishment of cognitive behavioral therapy because he founded Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Ellis was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1913. He had low emotional attachment with his parents because his parents being emotionally distant from him and his siblings. He took great responsibility in raising his two younger siblings. He graduated in 1934 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Business. After graduating from college, he started a business and attempted to be a writer, but those efforts did not bring him successfulness. Then, he decided to involve in the field of clinical psychology by enrolling in PhD degree in 1942 and obtained the degree in 1947. Before he completed his PhD degree, he published several articles that criticized personality tests. He studied various psychological theories and he was inspired by Sigmund Freud’s works, which caused him to further his knowledge by studying and practicing psychoanalysis. As he was further studying psychoanalysis, he questioned the effectiveness of psychoanalysis and decided to develop a more directive psychotherapy. In the late 40s and 50s, he developed Rational Therapy (RT) and changed the name to REBT later. His idea was not widely acceptable during that time, but that did not stop him from establishing â€Å"The Institute for Rational Living† in 1959. In the 60s, Ellis worked with many religious practitioners to increase theShow MoreRelatedPsychodynamic Approaches And Psychodynamic Therapy1683 Words   |  7 Pagesthought-focused treatment and psychoanalytical /psychodynamic approaches will be examined by comparison; to understand their differences. One thought-focused treatment is called Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). â€Å"CBT is certainly the most widely used therapy today, probably because it is based upon well-established learning theory and has concrete, identifiable procedures and goals.† ( McCarty Archer, 2013). CBT is typically a structured, short-term treatment that focuses on a very specific problem;Read MoreThe Theoretical Foundations Of A. T. Becks Cognitive Therapy And Ellis s Rational Emotional Behavioral Therapy1170 Words   |  5 PagesEllis and Beck The theoretical foundations of A. T. Becks cognitive therapy and Ellis’s rational emotional behavioral therapy 0will be used to assess Jane`s situation. The two comes up with different opinions towards Jane’s situation. Both of them have come up with different opinions although they have some similarities. Ellis and Beck all lay under one circumstance. Albert Ellis views the therapist as a teacher and does not think a warm personal relationship with a client is essential. In contrastRead MoreThe father of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy is Albert Ellis1416 Words   |  6 PagesThe father of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is Albert Ellis. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1913, New York became Dr. Ellis’ home since his family move there when he was four years old. Ellis struggled with health problems and physical ailments from childhood until his death in 2007. As a child, Ellis survived on his own as his parents were absent. His father was a traveling business person and his mother was emotionally absent (Albert Ellis Institute, 2012). The foundation of REBTRead MoreHow Thought Focused Treatment Systems Are Inherently Different From Psychoanalytical / Psychodynamic Approaches1444 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches in treating psychological dysfunctions. a. A thought-focused treatment and psychoanalytical /psychodynamic approaches can be examined by comparison; to understand their differences. One thought-focused treatment is called Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). CBT is a structured, short-term treatment that focuses on a very specific problem; whereby the counselor â€Å"helps† the client understand the relationship of their conscious- thoughts and behaviors to issues they are experiencing inRead MoreThe Basics of Cognitive Theory in Relation to the Development of Abnormal Behavior1773 Words   |  8 PagesOctober 2011 Approved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Explain the basics of cognitive theory in relation to the development of abnormal behavior. Use Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis as theorists for reference. If you believe the saying Perception is everything, then you may well be a cognitivist.   According to the cognitive perspective, people engage in abnormal behavior because of particular thoughts and behaviors that are often based upon their false assumptions. Cognitives believe that without these thought processes, weRead MoreRational Emotive Behavior Therapy : Theory, Techniques And Applications Used During Group Therapy1674 Words   |  7 PagesRational-Emotive Behavior Therapy The Theory, Techniques And Applications used During Group Therapy Donna Garrison Group Dynamics and Counseling (CP 6610) Troy University â€Æ' The following paper will attempt to describe Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), its theory, techniques and applications during group. REBT is a method of therapy developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950’s. Ellis developed his theory and therapy in reaction to what he saw as the inadequate techniquesRead MoreExploring Cognitive Behavior Theory And Therapy897 Words   |  4 PagesExploring Cognitive Behavior Theory and Therapy From the time of the advent of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and therapy until now, psychologists have searched for new and better ways to both understand and treat the human psyche. Many psychologists have spent their lives analyzing the complexities of human thought, behavior, and interactions with societal influences in order to find new ways to guide humans towards a more fulfilling human experience. Throughout time, various theories and modelsRead MoreCognitive Theories Of Cognitive Behavioral Theories999 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive-behavioral theories theorize that human behavior is caused by internal or mental events, and in addition to external events proposed by behavioral theories. Research suggests that cognitive-behavioral theories have shifted their focus, as seen in the first, second, and third waves of the theories. For example, initially the focus of cognitive theories was on identifying and changing maladaptive thoughts. However, recent models of c ognitive theories seek to help people evaluate, and changeRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy And Therapy1201 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many that have contributed to cognitive behavior therapy or CBT throughout the years but we are going to focus on the founders of modern day CBT, Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. Ellis is responsible for the Rational emotive behavior therapy, the first of the CBT in the 1960’s. The bases of REBT is suggest that a patient’s emotional distressed stems from their thoughts about a traumatic event, and not the event itself. Ellis developed this approach as a means to get over his personal problemsRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)1559 Words   |  7 PagesAssumptions and Definition Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) addresses dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors, and cognitive processes. This is an effective treatment for patients who are dealing with anxiety and depression. CBT refers to a group of psychotherapies that incorporate techniques from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck are the two psychologists who came up with therapies. Beck developed the cognitive therapy (CT) that focuses on changing the

Ehrm Free Essays

E-HRM (Electronic Human Resource Management) refers to conduct business transactions particularly Human Resource Management transactions, using the internet along with other technologies (Lengnick-Hall and Moritz, 2003). It was inspired by the popular term of e-commerce. As per the literature, it can also be called as online HRM, web-based HR, virtual HR (M), HR intranet, e –HR, HR portals and computer-based human resource management systems (CHRIS). We will write a custom essay sample on Ehrm or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1990, this term E-HRM was introduced, when electronic commerce (e-commerce) was speeding in the world of business.It is an advance business solution which provides a complete on-line support in the management of all processes, actions, data and information required to handle human resources in an advance company. It is an effective, consistent, easy-to-use system which can be used by groups of different users. It is a technology which allows the staff to have an access to HR and other departments of the organization. According to Ruel Huub Bondarouk Tanya, E-HRM helps to execute HR policies, strategies and practices in the company by using web technologies. The objectives of an organization to take E-HRM are: 1.Developing the strategic orientation of HRM 2. Reduction in cost and effective gains 3. Improvement in client servicing and helping management and employees. The choices of HRM strategies in an organization can be divided into three categories (Beer et al. ): the bureaucratic policy, the market policy, and the clan policy. Each category has its own specific characteristics about the HRM policy areas. TYPES OF E-HRM:- Based on the current literature, E-HRM can be distinguished into 3 categories in the companies as per their focus areas, which are: operational, relational, transformational E-HRM (Wright Dyer, 2000, Lepak Snell, 1998,). Operational E-HRM: – this area involves the basic HR activities. In some organizations, the HRM gives importance to administration and registration. Operational E-HRM gives the choice to the employees either to keep their own personal data up-to-date through a HR website or to have an administrative power in place to do this for them. †¢ Relational E-HRM: – this area, concerns on more advanced HRM activities. The helps the HR techniques that support basic business processes such as: recruiting and selecting of new personnel, training of new employees, performance appraisal, and rewards.It gives the option of selecting and recruiting the candidates either through a internet based application process or by using the process of manual application. †¢ Transformational E-HRM: – this area involves HRM activities with a planned character. Here the emphasis is about the activities regarding organizational change processes, strategic re-orientation, strategic competence management, and strategic knowledge management. It is a mixed internet technique which enables the personnel to develop in line with the company’s choices.HOW E-HRM HELPS THE HRM (HUMAN RESOUCE MANAGEMENT) OF THE ORGANISATION:- It covers all aspects of human resource management like personnel administration, training, career development, corporate organization, job descriptions, selection and hiring process, employee’s data base etc. Therefore E-HRM is a method of doing HRM. By following the path of E-HRM, an organization expects to achieve certain targets such as; a development in the HR’s strategic orientation, an improvement in client focusing, and a decrease in costs or increased efficiency. Improving HR services:Use of E-HRM, satisfied the HR to the maximum level. It raises flexibility in work, endorses modernism and allows the employees to increase development, and motivation. Furthermore, it reduces the repetitive questions of employees such as in regards to the training packages, and a policy guideline etc and also allows consultation at any time. It also helps in announcing job vacancies and important events within the organization. Cost reduction: E-HRM facilitates HR to provide efficient services to clients or customers, with fewer restrictions on time, place or availability (Alleyne, 2003). It decreases the HR operational costs by providing the information to a large number of people on online basis. It allows the employees or their managers to handle their operational activities such as salary, training, holidays or leave entitlements by themselves. Redefining employee responsibilities in HR: In recent years, it can be seen that there is a significant change in the role of managers in the organizations due to some changes in the market developments and new technologies used by the organizations.Due to this, the duties that were performed by HR Professionals earlier such as : performance appraisals, reviewing employee costs, producing HR reports on turnover, absenteeism, processing training requests and overlooking competence management are now presenting by managers and employees (Ruel 2004, Ruta 2005, Martin 2005). E-HRM turns it easier for managers to merge these roles with their other roles effectively. E-HRM enables employees to update their data and manage their p ersonal file by accessing it directly which refers to their training, performance appraisal and transfers. This is called employee self services. This increases their motivation and contribution towards employment; also improves their performance, talent management through self selection and assessment. (Roehling et al. 2005). Improving HR strategic orientation: Use of E-HRM can create more real customer relationships within the. Through social networking, it can improve employee voice (Martin et al 2009). It liberates the HRM managers ( Strohmeir, 2006) to connect HRM to business by becoming strategic members of the top management team. It gives HR increased credibility and power through allowing them to make more reliable data which improves decision making. Online recruitment:It is one of the most broadly functions of E-HRM. It refers to the vacancies posted on the company’s web site or on an online recruitment‘s website. It allows the candidates to send their resumes electronically via e-mail or in some electronic format (Galanaki, 2002). It can be benefited in terms of cost, time, candidate pool and quality of response. However, over loading of resumes is always a risk with the low reputation and effectiveness of various web sites and databases, not to mention its questionable effectiveness for senior executive positions (Ensher et al. , 2002). This can also help to sort and contact the candidates. The selection procedure becomes easy while using this technology especially where long distances are involved. The selection can be done through Video conferencing and online tests, and the candidates can be selected at the initial stages of the selection procedure which saves the cost and time of the organisation. E-HRM enables the performance appraisal (PA) to be conducted on-line on the corporate website. This means that the managers and the employees are able to submit performance data directly to the HR department in via company’s website. This function decrease time and cost for the HR department remarkably.It enables the managers and employees to enter the performance appraisal results with an immediate effect and plan their performance on their personal HR page. E-HRM helps the managers and employees to communicate in the organisation effectively via email. It is a useful approach to interact with the management. E-HRM RESULTS OR OUTCOMES:- Besides these objectives mentioned above, there are some outcomes of E-HRM that needs to be considered. According to Beer et al. (1984) there are four possibilities of outcomes which are: high dedication or commitment, high competition, cost effectiveness, and higher congruence. High commitment they means that the workforce is motivated and understanding, and that they are willing to interact with the management about changes in the organisational environment and the impact that this can have on the internal organisation. High commitment implies a high level of trust between management and employees. †¢ High competence indicates towards the capabilities of employees to learn new roles and tasks if the situation demands it. †¢ Cost effectiveness indicates to the competitiveness in levels of pay and employee revenue rate, and to the adequacy of costs resulting from employee conflicts such as strikes. Higher congruence refers to the internal organization, the reward system, and the ‘input, throughput, and output’ of personnel, which need to be structured in the interests of all stakeholders.Below is the E-HRM model that explains the effect of E-HRM in an organisation. [pic] (Journal article: – â€Å"E-HRM: INNOVATION OR IRRITATION† by Ruel, Huub ; Bondarouk, Tanya) BARRIERS IN ADOPTIING E-HRM: Although there are many benefits of using the E-HRM in the organisation, but there are some aspects where E-HRM has some barriers and disadvantages which needs to be considered. According to the findings of Ruel Huub ; Bondarouk Tanya, if an organisation wants to become a global, then globally their HR practises, policies should also be the same wherever the company is present. Diffe rences in the culture and languages, it is hard to adopt the newly introduced technology that is E-HRM. †¢ In order to introduce E-HRM in the organisation, it is very difficult for the HR department to change their HRM practises. Implementation of E-HRM can reduce the HR staff. It is hard to change the mindset and behaviour of HR personnel, employees and line management. E-HRM helps the employees to update their databases, performance charts, involve themselves in online discussions and opt their career paths. However many employees do not wish to accept this change. Some studies shows that the employees are rely on their managers to develop their carrier paths. †¢ It can produce loss of privacy and confidentiality. If these points can be considered, E-HRM would be very useful for the organisation to grow. How to cite Ehrm, Papers

My Gifts free essay sample

In sixth grade I skated without pads, breaking my arm for the third time. I received the gift of caution. It was caution that lifted my hand two years later to put on the helmet that saved me, when a car sent my bike and me to the ground. In the summer of eleventh grade, two strangers senselessly punched me in the face. The unexpected assault gave me the gift of strength. It was this strength that led me to hold my head high when I saw those same strangers in my school lunch, led me to join an athletic team for the first time, and led me to give a controversial speech in public speaking class. All of my experiences have provided me with a gift that makes me who I am. In eighth grade I was forced to leave my home, my friends, and my country. Two years later, I was forced to move back to the U. We will write a custom essay sample on My Gifts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. Living in Barcelona, Spain has given me more than one gift, and I am only beginning to comprehend what they might be. On July 15th, 2006 in the small town of Galesburg, Illinois, my father shoved my luggage, my pets, my brother, and me into a van. Crying uncontrollably, I flopped in a seat and peered out the window. My friends were standing in front of my house, each of their faces a reflection of my own. Even my house looked sad. Probably because it’s empty, just like me, I thought. Twenty-four hours later, I was peering out of another window belonging to a taxi in a different time zone. I stared at the large palm trees, bright sun, and wide sidewalks of Barcelona, Spain. I was homeless, depressed, lonely, and thus friendless that school year. However by the end of 9th grade, it dawned on me that only I have the power to control my life. Just like breaking my arm, I could receive a gift from this experience, if I so wished to take it. I am proud to say that I accepted the life-altering gift of independence in the summer of 2007. It changed me: I started getting up early to buy the newspaper with my dad. I showed a new girl from Austria around my school, becoming best friends with her one week later. I attempted broken Spanish with the woman who worked at the local bakery whenever I went to pick up una barra de pan, which led me to complete fluency. By the end of tenth grade, I loved the world. But even more, I loved how I fit into it. By befriending people from all over the world, I received a sense of self. Going to an international school made me realize that I like being around people who are different than me, not similar. Having a diverse collection of friends prompted me to explore my own heritage. I realized that all of the times I had checked Caucasian in the little black boxes of standardized tests, all of the times I spelled my name Sylvia, and all of the times I frowned at my moms salsa music were attempts to repress my heritage in an effort to blend in. Now, I celebrate the fact that I am one-fourth Dominican, one-fourth Puerto Rican, half American, and culturally, somewhat Spanish. I am back in Galesburg now, and I am Silvia Elena, a Hispanic-American who still spends her time reading, but also spends her time listening to European and Caribbean music, swearing in Spanish, and eating calamares (squid) like theres no tomorrow. As I continue to identify the wonderful gifts from my life abroad, I realize that these gifts have a purpose. The wonderful thing about immeasurable gifts is that I can give them to others while still keeping them myself, by giving advice to friends, speaking of my second home in Spanish classes, and tutoring other high schoolers. Right now, I am in the process of another life-changing experience: I am choosing a future, a college. This process is full of self-doubt, excitement, anxiety, and hard work. And the gift from this experience? That is yet to be seen.